Agro-industrial production in Kazakhstan: issues of diversification as a priority development direction

As a result of agricultural reforms carried out in Kazakhstan, the legal and organizational forms of farms have changed, and a diversified economy has been formed. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the country's agro-industrial complex, to identify the main problems and prospects for the growth of agricultural production, to show the importance of diversification processes for the sustainable development of agricultural sector in the context of destabilization of the world economy. Methods – quantitative-qualitative and factor analysis, economic-statistical, abstract-logical conclusions. Results – the situation in AIC for 1990-2021 is analyzed in crop production and animal husbandry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dynamics of sown areas of main agricultural crops of enterprises, peasant (private) farms in recent years and 1990 shows that there have been changes in the structure of crops in the republic: expansion of the size of arable land for cultivation of wheat, vegetables, melons, root crops and reduction in forage grasses. A study of the livestock sector in Kazakhstan led to the conclusion that population nu mber of livestock and poultry did not reach the level of 1990. The data on redistribution of livestock by categories of farms are presented. The necessity of its increase for creation of large livestock complexes is substantiated. Conclusions – the authors note that at present, th e country's agricultural producers are facing a constant increase in costs. This leads to higher food prices. Diversification in market economy makes it possible to reduce the risks of unreasonably high costs and respond flexibly to imbalances between supp ly and demand, maintain production capacities, and ensure the growth of profits and profitability of agricultural producers. It is necessary to use i nnovative, resource-saving technologies, the integrated use of land resources, and solution of the problems of degraded pastures.

1. Moldashev, A.B. & Nikitina, G.A. (2019). Problemy ustojchivogo funkcionirovaniya prodovol'stvennoj sistemy Respubliki Kazahstan [Problems of sustainable functioning of the food system of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Problemy agrorynka – Problems of AgriMarket, 2, 11-19 [in Russian].

2. Kamenova, M.Zh. & Dzhazykbaeva, B.K. (2019). Osobennosti form hozyajstvovaniya agropromyshlennogo kompleksa v ustojchivom razvitii sel'skogo hozyajstva [Features of agroindustrial complex management in sustainable development of agriculture]. Vestnik Karagandinskogo universiteta, serija "Jekonomika" Bulletin of Karaganda University, series "Economics", 2, 52-62 [in Russian].

3. Koshanov, A. (2019). Social'no-ekonomicheskie problemy progressa APK Kazahstana [Socio-economic problems of the progress of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan]. Mysl' – Thought, 5. 4-7 [in Russian].

4. Statisticheskij sbornik «Sel'skoe, lesnoe i rybnoe hozyajstvo v Respublike Kazahstan». Byuro nacional'noj statistiki Agentstva po strategicheskomu planirovaniyu i reformam Respubliki Kazahstan [Statistical collection "Agriculture, forestry and fisheries in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2022). Available at: https://www.stat.gov.kz/ (date of access: 04.06.2022) [in Russian].

5. Gosudarstvennaya programma razvitiya agropromyshlennogo kompleksa Respubliki Kazahstan na 2017-2021 gody [The State program for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021] (2017). Astana, 94 [in Russian].

6. «Itogi razvitiya sfery sel'skogo hozyajstva za 2021 god i plany na predstoyashchij period» ["Results of agriculture development for 2021 and plans for the coming period"] (2022). Available at: https://www.primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/itogi-razvitiya-sfery-selskogo-hozyaystvaza2021god-i-plany-na-predstoyashchiy-period-22422 (date of access: 12.05.2022) [in Russian].

7. Kamysbayev, M.K. & Omarbakiev L.A. (2019). Costoyanie zanyatosti v agrarnom sektore e`konomiki Kazakhstana [The state of employment in the agricultural sector of the economy of Kazakhstan]. Vestnik universiteta Turan – Herald University of Turan, 118-124 [in Russian].

8. Daribaeva, A. & Karbetova, SH. (2019). Aktual'nye problemy diversifikacii sel'skogo hozyajstva Kazahstana [Current problems of diversification of Kazakhstan's agriculture]. Problemy agrorynka – Problems of AgriMarket, 3, 54-60 [in Russian].

9. Akimbekova, G.U. (2021). Jeffektivnost' i optimizacija razmeshhenija proizvodstvennyh moshhnostej i syr'evyh zon pererabatyvajushhih predprijatij v prioritetnyh otrasljah APK RK (molochnoj, mjasnoj, zernovoj) [Efficiency and optimization of the location of production faci-lities and raw material zones of processing enterprises in the priority sectors of the agroindustrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan (dairy, meat, grain)]. Almaty: Kazakh Research Institute of Economy of Agro-Industrial Complex and Rural Development, 115 p. [in Russian].

10. Kazahstan: pogolov'e s podvor'ya [Kazakhstan: livestock from the courtyard] (2017). Available at: https://www.ritmeurasia.org/news--2017-06-kazahstan-pogolove-s-podvorja-30537 (date of access: 19.05.2022) [in Russian].