Enterprises of agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: efficient functioning

The goal is to consider the problems and prospects for the development of enterprises in agricultural sector. Methods – analysis and synthesis, determination of absolute and relative indicators, abstract-logistical, economic-statistical. Results – the authors note the main features of agricultural production: high capital intensity, long payback period, low profitability, seasonality, dependence on natural and climatic conditions. Enterprises are insufficiently provided with modern technology, social infrastructure is poorly developed, soil fertility is declining, level of income of the rural population is much lower to income in other industries. At present, effective programs on development of agro-industrial complex and support for agricultural producers have been developed in the republic. The article presents data on the number of registered producers of agricultural products in the Republic of Kazakhstan: legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, peasant (private) farms, households. The volumes of gross output of agricultural goods, production of livestock products in Kazakhstan, cattle products sales in slaughter weight for all categories of farms are shown. It was revealed that for some types of food, dependence on imports remains: meat and milk processing products, poultry meat, vegetables and fruits. The main directions of development of AIC are substantiated: measures to ensure food security; digitalization and robotization; attraction of domestic and foreign investments; application of the achievements of selection and breeding work in the livestock industry; strengthening scientific potential by improving training of highly qualified personnel. Conclusions – specifics of modern economic entities is their broad specialization: the presence of several workshops for heat treatment, sterilization and preparation for sale. There are also highly specialized agricultural enterprises, which as a rule, are producing one type of product, for example, dairy farms, greenhouses, nurseries.

1. Akimbekova, G.U. & Nikitina, G.A. (2020). Prioritetnye napravleniya razvitiya agropromyshlennogo kompleksa Kazahstana [Priority directions for the development of the agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan]. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 4, 13-23 [in Russian].

2. Temirbekova, A.B. & Dulambaeva, R.T. & Kaldiyarov, D.A. (2021). Agrarnyj sektor Respubliki Kazahstan v usloviyah pandemii [The agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan in a pandemic]. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 4(4),23-30 [in Russian].

3. Oficial'nyj internet-resurs Nacional'nogo bjuro statistiki Agentstva Respubliki Kazahstan po strategicheskomu planirovaniju reformam [Official Internet resource of the National Bureau of Statistics of the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Strategic Planning and Reforms] (2021). Available at: // https://www.stat.gov.kz/memleket/e (date of access: 14.04.2022) [in Russian].

4. Popova, E.A., Polunina, N.Yu. & Chernysheva, I.I. (2021). Agroprodovol'stvennyj rynok v usloviyah postoyannogo razvitiya [Agrofood market in the context of constant development]. Ekonomika, trud, upravlenie v sel'skom hozyajstve - Economics, labor, management in agriculture, 2,125-130 [in Russian].

5. Azretbergenova, G.Zh., Syzdykova, A.O. & Bimendeev, B. (2021). Obespechenie prodovol'stvennoj bezopasnosti Respubliki Kazahstan v usloviyah COVID-2019 [Ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of COVID-2019]. Problemy agrorynka - Problems of AgriMarket, 2 ,21-30 [in Russian].

6. Razin, A.F. (2020). Vliyanie pandemii koronavirusnoj infekcii COVID-19 na ekonomicheskuyu situaciyu i obespechenie prodovol'stvennoj bezopasnosti v Rossii i stranahuchastnikah EAES [The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Economic Situation and Food Security in Russia and the EAEU Member States]. Agrarnaya Rossiya - Agrarian Russia, 11, 42–48 [in Russian].

7. Neganova, V.P. & Dudnik, A.V. (2018). Sovershenstvovanie gosudarstvennoj podderzhki APK regiona [Improving state support for the agro-industrial complex of the region]. Ekonomika regiona - The economy of the region, 2, 651–662 [in Russian].

8. Esina, Yu. L. & Stepanenkova, N.M. (2021). Sovershenstvovanie regional'noj investicionnoj politiki na osnove kompleksnoj programmy razvitiya sel'skih territorij [Improving the regional investment policy based on a comprehensive program for the development of rural areas]. Ekonomika regiona - The economy of the region, 1, 262-275 [in Russian].

9. Tireuov, K.M., Mizanbekova, S.K. & Mizanbekov, I.T. (2020). Prodovol'stvennaya bezopasnost' kak vazhnyj faktor social'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya strany [Food security as an important factor in the socio-economic development of the country]. Agrarnaya ekonomika - Agrarian economy, 3, 63-72 [in Russian].

10. Trach, D.M. & Melnichuk, L.D. (2020). Agrarnye preobrazovaniya kak faktor social'noekonomicheskogo razvitiya sel'skih territorij [Agrarian transformations as a factor in the socio-economic development of rural areas]. Agropromyshlennyj kompleks: ekonomika, upravlenie - Agro-industrial complex: Econo-mics, management,(2), 63-71[in Russian].

11. Sandu, I.S., Kirova, I.V. & Ryzhenkova, N.E. (2020). Innovacionnye aspekty razvitiya APK v usloviyah pandemii [Innovative aspects of the development of the agro-industrial complex in a pandemic]. Agropromyshlennyj kompleks: ekonomika, upravlenie - Agro-industrial complex: Economics, management, 8, 11-19 [in Russian].

12. Ushachev, I.G. & Kolesnikov, A.V. (2020). Razvitie cifrovyh tekhnologij v sel'skom hozyajstve kak sostavnaya chast' agrarnoj politiki [The development of digital technologies in agriculture as an integral part of agricultural policy]. Agropromyshlennyj kompleks: ekono-mika, upravlenie -Agro-industrial complex: Economics, management, 10, 4-16 [in Russian].