Unification of farmers in agricultural cooperatives for the effective use of land, water and other resources of the village

The goal is to study the impact of the process of uniting small businesses in agricultural cooperatives on the effective use of land, water and other resources of the village.
Methods - monographic, computational and constructive, analytical, economic and statistical, as well as a questionnaire survey of agricultural producers who participated in the trainings of the Project on the improvement of irrigation and drainage systems (PIID-2).
Results - the practice of developing cooperation of small farms in the republic over the past ten years since the adoption of the new law "On agricultural cooperatives" shows that the creation of agricultural cooperatives for primary processing of milk, meat through the organization of cooperative milk collection points, slaughterhouses, vegetable and potato storage facilities contributed to the improvement of the infrastructure of the movement of products from producer to consumer, expansion of agribusiness in the countryside. This, in turn, made it possible to increase the income and employment of the rural population. However, agricultural cooperatives for production of agricultural products, especially crop production, the joint use of land, agricultural machinery, irrigation and drainage systems, were underdeveloped, which is explained by the more complex process of merging farms into these cooperation models. It is noted that the provided public support measures were largely aimed at subsidizing, investment subsidizing of technological equipment, and concessional lending mainly for livestock farms, while sufficient incentives were not provided for crop production farms.
Conclusions - the need for a priority direction has been justified - the creation of agricultural cooperatives focused on the collective use of land, machinery, irrigation and drainage networks, allowing increasing the yield of crops, and restoring irrigated land. PIID-2 meets one of the key principles of the Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the transition to "green" economy - the efficient use of water resources.

1. [1] Gosudarstvennaja programma razvitija agropromyshlennogo kompleksa Respubliki Kazahstan na 2017–2021 gody [The State program for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017- 2021] (2021). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000423 (date of access: 11.16.2021) [in Russian].

2. [2] Nacional'nyj proekt po razvitiju agropromyshlennogo kompleksa RK na 2021-2025 gody. Ministerstvo sel'skogo hozjajstva RK [National project for the development of the agroindustrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025. Ministry of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2021). Available at: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/moa?lang=ru (date of access: 11.16.2021) [in Russian].

3. [3] Poslanie Glavy gosudarstva narodu Kazahstana «Konstruktivnyj obshhestvennyj dialog – osnova stabil'nosti i procvetanija Kazahstana» ot 02.09.2019g. [The message of the Head of state to the people of Kazakh-stan "Constructive public dialogue is the basis of stability and prosperity of Kazakhstan" dated 02.09.2019] (2021). Available at:https://akorda.kz (date of access: 11.16.2021) [in Russian].

4. [4] Oficial'nyj informacionnyj resurs Prem'- er-Ministra Respubliki Kazahstan [Official information resource of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2021). Available at: https://www.primeminister.kz/ru/news/v-kazahstane-do-2030-ploshchad-oroshaemyh-zemelbudet-dovedena-do-3-mln-ga-s-brekeshev-5996 (date of access: 10.11.2021) [in Russian].

5. [5] Kenenbaev, T.S. (2020) Razvitie kooperacii na oroshaemyh zemljah put' k uluchsheniju vodopol'zovanija [Development of cooperation on arable lands as a way to improve water use]. Vodnoe hozjajstvo Kazahstana - Water management of Kazakhstan, 4 (89), 3-11 [in Russian].

6. [6] Kozhakhmetov, T.K. (2019) O sovershenstvovanii irrigacionnyh i drenazhnyh sistem [On the improvement of irrigation and drainage systems] Nauchno-informacionnyj zhurnal vodnoe hozjajstvo Kazahstana - Scientific and information journal water management of Kazakhstan,2 (83),15-16 [in Russian].

7. [7] Heigermoser, M., Glauben, Th. (2020). COVID-19, the oil price slump and food security in low-income countries. Available at: https://www.iamo.de/en/publications/iamo-policy-briefs (date of access: 16.11.2021) [in Russian].

8. [8] Akhmadzhonov, V. (2017). Tekushhee sostojanie associacij vodopotrebitelej v Respublike Uzbekistan i predlozhenija po dal'nejshemu razvitiju ih dejatel'nosti [The current state of water user associations in the Republic of Uzbekistan and proposals for the further development of their activities]. Available at: https://www.undp.org (date of access: 11.11.21) [in Russian].

9. [9] Kalashnikov, A.A., Zharkov, V.A., Angold, E.V., Baizakova, A.E., Kalashnikov, P.A. (2013). Prognoz razvitija oroshaemogo zemledelija v Kazahstane [Forecast of development of irrigated agriculture in Kazakhstan]. Available at: https://www.rusnauka.com/22_PNR_2013/Agricole/3_143489.doc.htm (date of access: 11.11. 21) [in Russian].

10. [10] Kenenbayev, T.S. (2012). Oroshenie zhdet kardinal'nyh mer [Irrigation is waiting for cardinal measures]. AgroZharshy- Agrozharshy, 18 (196), 11 [in Russian].

11. [11] Oficial'nyj sajt Komiteta po vodnym resursam Ministerstva jekologii, geologii i prirodnyh resursov Respubliki Kazahstan [Official website of the Committee on Water Resources of the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2021). Available at: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/water?lang=ru (date of access: 11.11.2021) [in Russian].

12. [12] Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan «O sel'- skohozjajstvennyh kooperativah» ot 29.10.2015 № 372-VZ. Oficial'nyj sajt Ministerstva sel'skogo hozjajstva Respubliki Kazahstan [Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On agricultural cooperatives" dated 29.10.2015 No. 372-FZ. Official website of the Ministry of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2021). Available at: https://www.mgov.kz/document/5769 (date of access:27.10.2021) [in Russian].

13. [13] Poslanie Prezidenta RK «Kazahstan v novoj real'nosti: vremja dejstvij» ot 01.09.2020g. Oficial'nyj sajt Prezidenta Respubliki Kazahstan [Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Kazakhstan in a new reality: time for action" dated 01.09.2020. Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2021). Available at: https://www.akorda.kz/ru/addresses/addresses_of_president/poslanieglavy-gosudarstva-kasym-zhomarta-tokaeva-narodu-kazahstana-1-sentyabrya-2020-g (date of access: 27.10.2021) [in Russian].

14. [14] Ob utverzhdenii Pravil subsidirovanija razvitija plemennogo zhivotnovodstva, povyshenija produktivnosti i kachestva produkcii zhivotnovodstva ot 1 fevralja 2017 № 14813. Informacionno-pravovaja sistema normativnyh pravovyh aktov Respubliki Kazahstan [On approval of the Rules for subsidizing the development of livestock breeding, increasing the productivity and quality of livestock products dated February 1, 2017 No. 14813. Information and legal system of regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2021). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1400000103 (date of access: 27.10.2021) [in Russian].

15. [15] Ob utverzhdenii Pravil subsidirovanija po vozmeshheniju chasti rashodov, ponesennyh sub#ektom agropromyshlennogo kompleksa, pri investicionnyh vlozhenijah ot 1 fevralja 2017 №48. Informacionno-pravovaja sistema normativnyh pravovyh aktov Respubliki Kazahstan [On the approval of the Rules on subsidizing the reimbursement of partial costs incurred by the entity of agri-industrial complex, in case of investments dated February 1, 2017 No. 48. Information and legal system of regulatory legal documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2021). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1700014813 (date of access: 27.10.2021) [in Russian].

16. [16] Ob utverzhdenii Pravil subsidirovanija stavok voznagrazhdenija po kreditam i lizingu tehnologicheskogo oborudovanija, na priobretenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh, a takzhe lizingu sel'skohozjajstvennoj tehniki ot 1 fevralja 2017 №14815 [On approval of the Rules for subsidizing interest rates on loans and leasing of technological equipment, for the purchase of farm animals, as well as leasing of agricultural equipment dated February 1, 2017 No. 14815] (2021). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1600013816 (date of access: 27.10.2021) [in Russian].

17. [17] Akimbekova, G.U. (2012). Agropromyshlennaja integracija: teorija, praktika, perspektivy [Agro-industrial integration: theory, practice, prospects]. Almaty: TOO «Taugul'-Print, 326. [in Russian].

18. [18] Akimbekova G.U., Bayakhmetov T.B. & Shoynbayev B.S. (2019). Mehanizm sozdanija i funkcionirovanija kooperativa po material'notehnicheskomu obespecheniju i obsluzhivaniju sel'skohozjajstvennyh tovaroproizvoditelej (na primere sveklosejushhih hozjajstv Zhambylskogo rajona Almatinskoj oblasti): metodicheskie rekomendacii [The mechanism of creation and functioning of a cooperative for material and technical support and maintenance of agricultural producers (on the example of beet-growing farms of Zhambyl district of Almaty region): methodological recommendations]. Almaty: Kazahskij NII jekonomiki APK i razvitija sel'skih territorij,16-17 [in Russian].

19. [19] Poslanie Prezidenta Respubliki Kazahstan - Lidera nacii N. Nazarbaeva narodu Kazahstana «Strategija «Kazahstan-2050»: novyj politicheskij kurs sostojavshegosja gosudarstva» [Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Leader of the nation N. Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan "Strategy "Kazakhstan-2050": a new political course of the established state"] (2021). Available at: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K1200002050 (date of access: 27.10.2021) [in Russian].