Formation and use of human capital in agricultural sector

The goal is to analyze the features of the formation and development of human capital in agricultural sector of economy.

Methods – economic-statistical, factorial, comparative analysis, generalization of results.

Results – the authors note that production of goods and services depends not only on technical means, but also on the knowledge, skills, moral conditions and behavior of the workers. Therefore, human resources related to skills, experience, health, cultural values, and competencies are of great importance. Currently, the social and living conditions of people in rural areas lag significantly behind those in urban areas. There is a shortage of personnel, an outflow of population to cities, and the reluctance of young people to live and work in the countryside due to low wages, production and living conditions. There is also a need for comprehensive mechanization, informatization and digitalization of agricultural production. These processes require highly qualified specialists who have skills in modern techniques and technologies.

Conclusions – it is proposed to develop a concept for the development of human capital in agriculture by clarifying the goals of the organizational and managerial, financial and economic, technical and technological, legal, motivational, and social aspects of this mechanism. The authors reveal the main characteristics and principles of effective use of intellectual capital in agricultural sector. The directions for its optimization by increasing employment of the rural population and enhancing investment support have been determined. Based on the identified problems, further prospects for increasing human potential are shown to ensure the competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers and as the main driving factor in the development of an innovative economy and the strengthening of globalization processes.

1. Schulz, T. (2004). Investment in Human Capital Available at: http://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/330T/350kPEE. (date of access: 14.12.2022).

2. Becker, G.S. (1994). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. University Of Chicago Press; 3-rd edition edition, 390

3. The Well-being of Nations – OECD (2001). Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/innovation-education/1870573.pdf (date of access: 15.12.2022).

4. Makkonnell, K.R., Bru, S.L. (2003). Jekonomiks: principy, problemy i politika [Economics: Principles, problems and policy]. INFRA-M, 14, 972 [in Russian].

5. Parman, J. (2012). Good schools make good neighbors: Human capital spillovers in early 20th century agriculture. Explorations in Economic History, 49, 316-334.

6. Abalkin, L.I. (2000). Novyj tip jekonomicheskogo myshlenija. Perestrojka: puti i problemy [A new type of economic thinking. Perestroika: ways and problems]. Jekonomika - Economy, 912 [in Russian].

7. Indeks chelovecheskogo kapitala v Kazahstane raven 0,75. Chto jeto znachit i stoit li bojat'sja? [The human capital index in Kazakhstan is 0.75. What does this mean and is it worth being afraid of?] (2022). Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/Document. (date of access: 16.12.2022) [in Russian].

8. Nusіpova, G.N., Ajdarhanova G.B., Tokbergenova A.A. (2021). Qazaqstan Respublikasyndağy adam kapitalynyñ geografiasy: aimaqtar arasyndağy salystyru [Geography of human capital in the Republic of Kazakhstan: comparison between regions]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2021-4-160-173. Ekonomika:strategia jäne praktika - Economy: strategy and practice, 16(4), 160-173 [in Kazakh].

9. Qazaqstan halqy: stat. Jinaq [Population of Kazakhstan: stat. collection]. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar agenttıgı Ūlttyq statistika bürosy – Kazakhstan Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of National Statistics bureau (2022). Available at: https://stat.gov.kz. (date of access: 15.12.2022) [in Kazakh].

10. Kostyanskaya E.B. (2006). Razvitie rossijskih regionov: novye teoreticheskie i metadologicheskie podhody [Development of Russian regions: new theoretical and methodological approaches]. Nauka, 618 [in Russian].

11. Qazaqstandağy bılım beru: statistika, zertteuler men problemalar [Education in Kazakhstan: statistics, research and problems] (2022). Available at: https://factcheck.kz/kaz/basty-bet1/kazakstandagy-bilim-beru-statistikazertteuler-men-problemalar ( date of access: 14.12.2022) [in Kazakh].

12. Razvitie chelovecheskogo kapitala v Kazahstane [Human capital development in Kazakhstan] (2022). Available at: https://strategy2050.kz/ru/news/razvitie-chelovecheskogo-kapitala-v-kazakhstane. (date of access: 15.12.2022) [in Russian].

13. V Kazahstane na obrazovanie iz gosbjudzheta tratjat okolo 5% ot VVP, jeto men'she chem v stranah Afriki [In Kazakhstan, about 5% of GDP is spent on education from the state budget, which is less than in African countries] (2022). Available at: https://informburo.kz/novosti/v-kazahstane-na-obrazovanie-iz-gosbyudzheta (date of access: 16.12.2022) [in Russian].

14. V rejtinge po urovnju zdravoohranenija Kazahstan razmestilsja na 58-m meste iz 96 [Kazakhstan is ranked 58th out of 96 in the ranking on the level of healthcare] (2022). Available at: https://www.kt.kz/rus/society/v_reytinge_po_urovnyu_zdravoohraneniya_kazahstan_1377937598.html. (date of access: 16.12.2022) [in Russian].

15. Rastet smertnost' naselenija v Kazahstane [The mortality rate of the population in Kazakhstan is growing] (2022). Available at: https://mk-kz.kz/social/2021/09/15/rastet-smert-nost-naseleniya-v-кazakhstane.html. (date of access: 21.12.2022) [in Russian].

16. O sostojanii i perspektivah razvitija sel'skogo zdravoohranenija [About the state and prospects of rural health care development] (2022). Available at: https://pharm.reviews/novosti/novosti-kazakhstana/item/7742-o-sostoyanii--i--perspektivakh-razvitiya-selskogo-zdravookhraneniya. (date of access: 22.12.2022) [in Russian].

17. Qazaqstanda jūmyspen qamtylu: stat. jinaq. [Employment in Kazakhstan: stat. Collection]. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar agenttıgı Ūlttyq statistika bürosy (2022). Available at: https://stat.gov.kz. (date of access: 24.12.2022) [in Kazakh].

18. Mamandyq tañdau – bolaşaqty tañdau [Choosing a profession-choosing the future] (2022). Available at: https://egemen.kz/article/317274-mamandyq-tanhdau-%E2%80%93-bolashaqty-tanhdau. (date of access: 16.12.2022) [in Kazakh].

19. Qazaqstan Respublikasyndağy eñbekaqy: stat. jinaq. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar agenttıgı Ūlttyq statistika bürosy (2022). Available at: https://stat.gov.kz. (date of access: 20.12.2022) [in Kazakh].

20. Qazaqstandağy halyqtyñ tūrmys deñgeiı: stat. jinaq. [Standard of living of the population in Kazakhstan: stat. collection]. Qazaqstan Respublikasy strategialyq josparlau jäne reformalar agenttıgı Ūlttyq statistika bürosy (2022). Available at: https://stat.gov.kz. (date of access: 20.12.2022) [in Kazakh].