The productivity of farm animals depending on the forms of management

One of the promising sectors of agricultural sector is production of livestock products, provision of high-quality food products, as well as goods for export purposes, and creation of state reserves. The development of livestock production sector, increasing productivity of animals and regulating domestic meat market, which is integrating into the world economy in the conditions of the EAEU, are the subject of research by domestic and foreign scientists. Purpose – the article is devoted to the study of economic efficiency of economic entities operating in the te rritory of Kazakhstan, their potential aimed at improving genetic indicators and increasing the number of livestock and poultry. Methods – statistical, comparisons and generalizations, logical approach to presentation. Results – the authors state an increase in the number of cattle and at the same time still low milk yields due to the concentration mainly in personal subsidiary plots with an insufficient level of selection and breeding work and introduction of new technologies. The authors consider some aspects related to the use of various breeds, in particular the dairy direction, based on the conversion rate, milk yield per 1 cow. A comparative analysis of productivity of new types and breeds of domestic selection revealed that the average milk yield per animal per lactation is 4.5-5.5 thousand kg compared to the prevailing in the republic in all categories of farms – 2.0-2.5 thousand kg Conclusions – the country has large areas of natural pastures, is traditionally a grain exporter, which contributes to the achievement of significant results in obtaining competitive beef both by increasing the number of meat contingent, obtaining high-quality breed resources, and by intensifying technologies, innovations, expanding the scale of fattening, increasing the mass of young animals sold for meat.

1. Vladimirov, N.I., Vladimirova, N.Yu., Afanas'yev, P.S. (2007). Osnovy proizvodstva produktsii zhivotnovodstva: uch. Posobiye [Fundamentals of livestock production: textbook. Allowance for universities]. Barnaul: Izd. Altayskiy Gosudarstvennyy universitet, 191 [in Russian].

2. Kalashnikov, A.P., Fesinin, V.I., Sheglov, V.V., Kleymenov, N.I. (2003). Normy i ratsiony kormleniya s/kh zhivotnykh: Spravochnoye posobiye [Feeding Norms and Rations for Farm Animals: A Reference Guide]. Moskva: Vserossijskij gosudarstvennyj nauchno–isledovatel'skij institut zhivotnovodstva, 456 [in Russian].

3. Gosudarstvennaya programma razvitiya agropromyshlennogo kompleksa Respubliki Kazakhstan na 2017-2021 gody [State program for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 20172021] (2017). Available at: http://mgov.kz/ru/kazastan-respublikasyny-a-k-damytudy-2017-2021-zhyldar-a-arnal-anmemlekettik-ba-darlamasy/ (date of access: 15.03.2023) [in Russian].

4. Karty razvitiya APK, podgotovlennyye Ministerstvom sel'skogo khozyaystva Respubliki Kazakhstan [Development maps of the agroindustrial complex of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2017). Available at: http://mgov.kz/ru/a-k-damytukartalary/ (date of access: 15.03.2023 ) [in Russian].

5. Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan «O krest'yanskom ili fermerskom khozyaystve» ot 31 marta 1998 g. N 214-I (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami po sostoyaniyu na 07.11.2014g.) [Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Peasant or Farming" dated March 31, 1998 N 214-I (as amended and supplemented as of 07.11. 2014)] (2014). Available at: URL: https://www.online.zakon.kz/ Document/ ?doc_id=1009109 (dates of access: 15.03.2023) [in Russian].

6. Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan «O sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kooperativakh» ot 19 noyabrya 2015 goda № 105-r «O merakh po realizatsii zakonov Respubliki Kazakhstan ot 29 oktyabrya 2015 goda «O sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kooperativakh» i «O vnesenii izmeneniy i dopolneniy v nekotoryye zakonodatel'nyye akty Respubliki Kazakhstan po voprosam sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kooperativov» [Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Agricultural Cooperatives” dated November 19, 2015 No. 105-r “On Measures to Implement the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 29, 2015 “On Agricultural Cooperatives” and “On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on agricultural cooperatives] (2015). Available at: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=32656089 (date of access: 16.03.2023) [in Russian].

7. Komitet po statistike Ministerstva natsional'noy ekonomiki Respubliki Kazakhstan, 2018 g. ispol'zovany ofitsial'nyye statisticheskiye dannyye po otraslyam [Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (2018). Available at: http://www.stat.gov.kz (date of access: 16.03.2023) [in Russian].

8. Osnovnyye klassifikatory, ispol'zuyemyye v organakh statistiki. Statisticheskiy sbornik. Razdel Vedomstvennyy klassifikator – klassifikator razmernosti predpriyatiy po chislennosti zanyatykh [The main classifiers used in statistical bodies. Statistical collection. Section Departmental classifier a classifier of the dimension of enterprises by the number of employees] (2002). Almaty: Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on statistics, 8 [in Russian].

9. Kontseptsiya realizatsii investitsionnoy otraslevoy programmy razvitiya myasnogo zhivotnovodstva [The concept of the implementation of the investment sectoral program for the development of beef cattle breeding] (2021). Available at: https://moa.gov.kz/ru/documents/545 (date of access: 16.03.2023) [in Russian].

10. ] FAO The Dairy Sub-Sector, Highlights of four Livestock subsectors in Kazakhstan, set of five booklets plus executive summary, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2010). Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-al751e.pdf (date of access: 16.03.2023).

11. FAO. The Meat Sub-sector, Highlights of four Livestock subsectors in Kazakhstan, set of five booklets plus executive summary, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2010). Available at: URL: fao.org (date of access: 16.03.2023).

12. FAO The Poultry Meat Sub-sector, Highlights of four Livestock sub-sectors in Kazakhstan, set of five booklets plus executive summary, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2010). Available at: URL: fao.org (date of access: 16.03.2023).

13. OECD Review of Agricultural Policies: Kazakhstan 2013, OECD Publishing (2013). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264191761-e (date of access: 16.03.2023).

14. Petrick, M., Gramzow, A., Oshakbayev, D., Wandel, J. (2014). A policy agenda for agricultural development in Kazakhstan. Credits for agriculture. Available at: http://www.kapital.kz/finance/17425/dolya-kreditovaniya-selskogo-hozyajstva-vsego-3.html (date of aссess: 16.03.2023).

15. Makhatov, B., Shaikamal, G.I., Musaeva, G.K., Kazhiyakbarova, A.G. (2022). Golştin tūqymynyñ jogary önımdı siyrlary boiynşa aqparat bazasynyñ lokaldy modelın qūrastyru [Creation of a local model of the information base on high-yielding cows of the Holstein breed]. Izdenıster, nätijeler Searches, results, 1, 93-97 [in Kazakh].